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**__What is the oscillating universe theory?__**
 * __Laurel__** **__Shields__**

os⋅cil⋅late
 Spelled {os-uh-leyt] to move backward or forward

The oscillating universe was an unfeasible proposition established by Richard Tolman in the year of 1934. In Tolman’s proposition it was believed that eventually the universe would stop expanding and begin to contract, as this was an outcome of the Big Bang. Many cultural and religious groups began to believe in Tolman’s theory, but there was so evidence given of research and satellite images his theory failed. In the oscillating theory it is explained the universe is closed space, like a box. Tolman failed to realize the heat involved in thermodynamics before and after. The oscillating theory occurred when Tolman started to look at the stars constellations, and noticed how they were arranged. Tolman thought of the universe as the universe started out very small, like a singularity, and then pure energy could not stay in a singular state for a long period of time, so it expanded, and then eventually when the energy gets used up the Universe can no longer stain it's form so it contracts on it self and it ultimately get smashed again in to a small area, and it repeats.

An article published on Friday, January 9, 1998 entitled "Universe older, lighter than thought," //Arkansas Democrat Gazette////,// by Lee Bowman said "The universe is older and lighter weight than has previously been thought by many astronomers, that means that galaxies and their stars are unlikely to stop expanding out from their original Big Bang positions and collapse back upon themselves, though it will eventually turn dark and cold as nuclear furnaces and even massive black holes run out of fuel.” So basically, if the universe contracts so will the stars, and if they get to close they will explode, and nothing will exist anymore in not only our stars but life itself. In some cultural groups they think that the universe will contract itself, when their god gets fed up enough. If the universe was a closed universe, the expansion would finally halt and contract due to the pull of gravity. The oscillating universe theory struggled people to understand this theory because at one second the universe is expanding and then this expansion is not only halted but reversed, that sounds perplexing now doesn’t it? When Tolman found out that his theory wasn’t only nominal and it didn’t graft people’s curiosity, he became furious. I believe that Tolman didn’t even consider his theory and think about it, he just made it for the heck of it. This type of universe would have to go through an endless amount of life and death cycles. To some people this proposition is rather a scary thought, because you wouldn’t know exactly how much longer you would have before the universe hit your planet, and destroys it, but even if this theory was to exist it would take over million of years for the universe to even come close to your planet.

http://www.allaboutcreation.org/oscillating-universe-theory-faq.htm http://www.geocities.com/eurekaproj/space/bigbang/oss.html http://www.doesgodexist.org/JanFeb99/OscillatingUniverse.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillatory_universe http://www.laidback.org/~daveg/academic/expandinguniverse/index2.html
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**__ What is the steady state theory? __** The steady state theory was a theory developed by Fred Hoyle, Hermann Bondi, and Thomas Gold in 1948. The steady state theory corresponds that matter is being constantly created. What Hoyle, Bondi, and Gold failed to realize was that the theory doesn’t work with Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is science that apprehends with the relations of heat and mechanical energy. In this theory it is said that the universe is always going to expand but would keep a consistent destiny, but matter is always creating new stars and new planets, so it doesn’t make sense. This universe wouldn’t have a start and end, although the universe would be expanding, it would not change its look. The theory was abandoned because there was evidence that the universe was changing over time, so the steady state theory wasn’t practical. This universe means that it would hence, a steady state, not change at all over time. People believed in this theory for a while, but when scientists took a closer in depth in this theory it didn’t make sense, a universe that always stays the same? No new matter? Scientists began to question it “ How could the universe continue to look the same when observations show it to be expanding, which would tend to thin out its contents?” The theory started to become less popular in the 1960’s when scientists discovered quasars. Everyone’s attention was grafted by the quasars, a galactic core; the steady state theory was beginning to vanish. The final state of the steady state theory was when astronomers named Ano Penzias and Robert Wilson, discovered a high frequency radio wave which was thought to be left from the Big Bang. The Steady State Theory explained this high frequency as light from old stars that would have been sucked in and let go in different directions. The Steady State Theory is now no longer accepted by the majority of scientists. Today, astronomers like to consider the Big Bang theory to be the best story to describe how the universe was created. Cultural beliefs, along with just everyday people choose to like this idea, a universe that is expanding but always looks the same. I personally find this theory to be captivating but it doesn’t make a significant idea. First of all there is now way a universe can have no living matter on it, and if it were to the matter would still create new stars, and planets, and second even if there was a universe like this that existed it would take many, even millions of years to create one star/planet. Now hardly any knows what the steady state theory is because day by day it is slowly disappearing. The big bang theory is the best theory to know what happened to our universe from the begging of time because it is not only practical but also doesn’t have any cons about it. __ Bibliography __ www.allaboutcreation.org/ steady - state - theory -faq.htm http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/steady_state.html http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/universes/html/univ_steady.html http://www.solidstatelight.com/steady/abstract.htm http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/cosmology/hotbb.html http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/stdystat.htm http://www.skwirk.com.au/p-c_s-4_u-138_t-402_c-1413/steady-state-theory/nsw/steady-state-theory/the-big-bang-and-our-universe/the-formation []http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/universe_level2/cosmology.html
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