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__The Superstring Theory__

su.per.string- noun: a subatomic particle in a version of string theory that incorporates super symmetry

The superstring theory is one of the many theories that further explain the Big Bang. But even though the theory itself may seem simple enough, it’s actually very complex and complicated. According to physics, there are a large number of elementary constituents (one of the materials or elements that make up something): electrons, protons, the quarks, and so on. These elements are zero-dimensional and have no use working out in space. The string theory, on the other hand, only has one elementary constituent: a tiny, one-dimensional string that can either have both its ends free (this called an open string) or have both its ends connected in a loop (this called a closed string). See Figure 1

FIGURE 1

This can further be understood by comparing the theory to a musical instrument (for example a violin). Strings vibrate at a certain frequency, as well as a integer multiple of that frequency. We can get these modes of vibration by plucking the strings. In basic physics, the size of vibration of each mode can take on a continuing virbration. This can also relate to Quantum Mechanics.

The strings of the superstring theory are almost identical to each other. The only difference is that they obey Einstein's law of special relativity. And since each quantum state jas a certain energy, it has to have a certain mass. Therefor, each state of the string behaves as a particle of definte mass. Because it's possible, to pump a large amount of energy into the string, the theory contains an infinity of different types of particles of large mass.

What does this have to do with the Big Bang theory? Well, the four forces of gravity, electro-magnetism, strong and weak nuclear were all present and are necessary for the origin of life of Earth. The Superstring Theory attempts to explain all phenomena of the world (including the Big Bang) and unite these four known forces, relativity, and quantum mechanics( eg. the "closed string" theory). But the theory itself was abandoned after the Steady Sate theory was proposed, stating that the Superstring theory was incomplete and wasn't fully proven.

Bibliography

http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/Outreach/What_We_Research/Superstring_Theory/

http://www.answers.com/topic/superstring-theory

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